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[專欄] 專注力不足評估 如何幫助我的孩子?

小茵今年7歲,她是一個文靜的女孩,一直除了食飯慢之外,沒有什麼大問題。但自從上了小學以後,她的媽媽每天都因為功課問題而苦惱。小茵每天做功課都很慢,她不是不懂得做功課,但又時常看似發夢,媽媽一直為此好「勞氣」,並因功課問題而常常怪責小茵懶散,影響親子關係。直至一年級下學期,老師留意到小茵上堂時常常「慢半拍」,而提議小茵媽媽求診。
專注力不足(AD)是專注力不足/過度活躍症(ADHD)的一種。小茵的情況是不少專注力不足兒童的狀況,由於她沒有過度活躍 (hyperactivity) 特徵,令她的情況不為顯眼,甚至被誤以為是懶散、不努力而令其生活與學習出現問題。
專注力不足評估 (ADHD評估) 如何幫助我們知道孩子的問題?
一般來說,兒童專注力不足評估都會是多角度的,除了與家長會談,亦會有標準化評估與臨床觀察,以了解兒童專注力不足的特徵,與不同表徵對其生活的影響程度。於評估過程中,亦要了解孩子會否有其他狀況影響到他們的專注力,如讀寫障礙、家庭轉變等。
除了專注力不足的治療與訓練,父母對專注力不足症的理解與處理是很重要的。不少研究發現爸爸媽媽的行為處理訓練可幫助小朋友因專注力不足而引起的行為問題。而父母的理解與接納態度更可協助孩子正面面對自己的情況與挑戰!
參考:
Eyberg, S. M., Nelson, M. M., & Boggs, S. R. (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents with disruptive behavior. Journal of clinical child & Adolescent psychology, 37(1), 215-237.
Pelham Jr, W. E., & Fabiano, G. A. (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37(1), 184-214.
原文刊登於 Mamibuy: https://mamibuy.com.hk/talk/article/69749