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[專訪]【逛網上書展】認識成人專注力不足 改善閱讀能力
原文刊於明報生活power up 16.7.2020
雖然香港書展不敵疫情而延期,但是無阻愛閱讀及想追求知識的人自找門路繼續盡興。如果稍為留意自己認識的人,會發現總有一、兩人熱中不斷進修,相反有些人對閱讀提不起勁,開始閱讀便感到昏昏欲睡。究竟何故產生如此大的差別?一切答案可以連接心理學的解釋,循線索探討,還可以知道如何增強閱讀興趣。
有些人熱切地追球知識,一個接一個取得不同學位,相反有些人對學習反應冷淡。臨牀心理學家黃詠詩表示,首先並非所有人都感到需要無限量地獲取知識,所以人生到某個階段即使停止學習新知識,如果不影響日常生活,是不會構成問題。然而,學習知識的常用方法就是閱讀,所以愛閱讀的人在獲取知識方面確實佔優勢。
願望層層上升
當社會發達到一定程度,人們不一定只停留在追求金錢滿足,還追求心靈或知識上的滿足。著名的「Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs」的三角形圖像,就是說明我們有很多需要,當滿足底層的願望後,會追求上一層的滿足

最上層思考自我價值
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs最底層是追求生理及生活基本的需要,例如:食物、水、睡眠、衣物等;上一層是追求安全需要,例如:人身安全、受僱、健康等;再上一層是追求歸屬感,例如﹕想與朋友交流、有家人、參加團體等;再上一層追求尊重,例如:個人地位、權力、自由等;最上層是自我體現,例如﹕思考如何做才有自我價值。

先滿足需要後追求知識
透過閱讀追求知識是需要滿足基層需要之後才會進行,所以如果有認識的人停止追求知識,可以留意這人可能是未滿足基層需要,例如:為居所、工作、基 本生活需要而奔馳。相對一些退休而想重獲學位的長 者,他們的基本生活、健康等已經得到滿足,所以追 求更高層次的需要。
專注力不足影響閱讀能力
至於有人愛閱讀,有人看見文字已經感到頭痛的問題,原來與專注力有很大關係。閱讀是講求專注的行為,因此如果專注力比較低的人,傾向愛聽別人解釋多於自己閱讀文字。如果聽解釋的專注力都不足,則會傾向聽短時間的解說。
有多種方法助閱讀
另外,各人閱讀能力及對文字的理解力都不同,這又影響閱讀的興趣。所以如果自我感到看見文字便頭痛的人不用放棄,可以從個人有興趣的主題開始,提升閱讀的專注力,甚至豐富閱讀的形式,例如﹕選擇特別設計的書、圖像比較多的書等,都可以培養專注力,增強閱讀的能力。
成年人專注力不足特質 迷你心理測驗遊戲
以下有四條提問, 可以選擇「是」或「否」,如果答案愈多「是」,表示有專注力不足的傾向。
1. 當完成計劃中最具挑戰的部分後,經常感到難以完成計劃的最後細節? 是 / 否
2. 當你需要進行有組織與規劃的任務時,經常感到難以有序地進行? 是 / 否
3. 經常難以記起已決定的約會或需要做的事? 是 / 否
4. 當面對需要用心思考的工作時,經常逃避或藉詞延後開始? 是 / 否
參考自問卷Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale(ASRS-v1.1) (備註:由於這是一個心理測驗遊戲,並不是專業的心理測驗,答案只可以作為參考。如果想確定是否有專注力不足的傾向,應該向專業人士尋求正式的診斷意見。)
原文刊於明報生活power up 16.7.2020 :
https://powerup.mingpao.com/%e9%80%9b%e7%b6%b2%e4%b8%8a%e6%9b%b8%e5%b1%95/